HST 311-01: New England Maritime History
Spring 2005 TR 2:00-3:15 Room I-110
Prof. Len Travers
Office: Room I-309. Phone: ext. 8313. email:
L1travers@umassd.edu.Office Hours: TR 9:00-10:50, M 1:00-1:50, or by appointment.
"We sailors are jealous for our vessels. Abuse us if you will, but have a care for what you say of our ships. We alone are entitled to call them bitches, wet brutes, stubborn craft, but we will stand for no such liberties from the beach."
Course Description:
A glance at a travel brochure for this region will confirm that the ocean still has a good deal to do with what New England is all about: New Bedford Whaling, Mystic Seaport, Old Ironsides, Gloucester fishermen, Cape Cod and The Islands (only an outsider has to ask which islands), etc. What Americans generally think of as "maritime New England" has more to do with myth and marketing than gritty fact. In this course, we will explore some of the reasons for New England’s salty reputation, concentrating on the "Age of Sail" (which lasted longer than you may think). Recent historical literature has probed beyond the glamour that seems to cling to maritime studies, particularly with regard to the experiences of the men and women involved.
This course will employ readings, lectures, class discussion, and some light research. Readings will provide chronological framework, and spotlight critical social, economic, political, and military topics. Lectures will supplement the readings. Frequent class discussion will critique the readings and clarify issues.
Required Readings: Books
Robert Albion, New England and the Sea (Mystic, CT, 1994).
Jeffrey Bolster, Black Jacks: African-American Seamen in the Age of Sail. (Harvard, 1998).
Margaret S. Creighton, Rites and Passages: The Experience of American Whaling, 1830-1870 (New York, 1995).
Donald F. Tucker, et al, A Coastal Schooner Life on Southern New England Waters (Fairhaven, MA., 1999).
Required Readings – Articles
available online through our library: otherwise at Reserve/Circulation, Library):Larry D. Gragg, "A Puritan in the West Indies: The Career of Samuel Winthrop," William & Mary Quarterly, 3rd series (hereafter WMQ), 50/4 (Oct. 1993).
Christopher McKee, "Fantasies of Mutiny and Murder: A Suggested Psycho-history of the Seaman in the United States Navy, 1798-1815," Armed Forces and Society 4/2 (February 1978), 293-304.
Christopher McKee, "Foreign Seamen in the United States Navy: A Census of 1808," WMQ, 3rd series, 42/3 (July 1985), 383-393.
Carl E. Swanson, "American Privateering and Imperial Warfare, 1739-1748," WMQ, 3rd series, 42/3 (July 1985), 357-382.
Marcus Rediker, "`Under the Banner of King Death:’ The Social World of Anglo-American Pirates, 1716 to 1726," WMQ, 3rd series, 38/2 (April 1981), 203-227.
Daniel Vickers, "An Honest Tar: Ashley Bowen of Marblehead" New England Quarterly 69 (December 1996), 531-553.
Jesse Lemisch, "Jack Tar in the Streets: Merchant Seamen in the Politics of Revolutionary America," WMQ, 3rd series, 25/3 (July 1968), 371-407.
Required Readings – Articles
available at Reserve/Circulation, Library:Joshua M. Smith, "Patterns of Northern New England Smuggling 1798-1820," from Wm. S. Dudley, ed., The Early Republic and the Sea (Washington, D.C., 2001), 35-51.
"Letters of Samuel Dalton of Salem, an Impressed American Seaman, 1803-1814," Essex Institute Collections 68 (1932), 321-329.
Daniel Vickers & Vince Walsh, "Young men and the Sea: The Sociology of Seafaring in Eighteenth-century Salem," Social History 24/1 (January 1999), 17-38.
Jonathan Cowdery, "American Captives in Tripoli" / William Ray, "Horrors of Slavery," from Paul Baepler, ed., White Slaves, African Masters: An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives (Chicago, 1999) [excerpts].
Attendance Policy:
I hope that students will make every effort to attend all class meetings. Since I expect to spend a good deal of time in class discussing the readings (some of which are challenging), and can guarantee that lecture material will show up in the Quizzes, I am confident that the wise student will recognize the advantages of regular attendance. For the rest, there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Course Evaluation:
Précis (3) 15 points (5 each)
Short essays (2) 20 points (10 each)
Review Report (1) 10 points
Documentary project (1) 20 points
Quizzes (4) 45 points (3@10 each, 1 @ 15)
Quizzes: You will take 4 Quizzes on the dates indicated (one is a "Final Exam," worth an extra 5 points). These will be based upon in-class lectures, and material from your readings. Quizzes may consist of multiple-choice questions, term & map identifications, and responses to specific questions. Make-up Quizzes are allowed (grudgingly) by the following Tuesday, but lose 1 point automatically. You will note that the points schedule above adds up to 10 "extra" points, so do not anticipate any "extra-credit" opportunities.
Précis/Essay/Project Guide
Précis: You will write a total of three 1-page précis of designated articles before the semester break. A précis is a succinct summary of an author’s thesis (argument), method, main points, and important supporting points. It is an opportunity to demonstrate that you have read, considered, and understood the material; it is not an analysis or opinion thereof (save these for class discussion); i.e. it is not a review. Note that I take "1 page" to mean ca. 225 words, double that for "2-page," and so on. All précis are due in class on the date indicated, and since we will discuss the subject articles at that time, late papers will not be accepted. I will score précis from 1 (inadequate) to 5 (perceptive & well-written), and 0 for no submission/late. For each précis I will dock a point for seriously short length and a point for poor writing, so take care with these.
All of you will write précis for the first (Gragg) article; thereafter you may choose any two from among the next four articles marked [Précis option].
Short Essays: You have two short (2-3 page) essays to write. All of you will write the first one (due 3/3); you may choose between the two remaining, marked Essay option, due 3/29 and 5/5. The topics are described in the schedule, below.
Review Report
(due April 7): For the Creighton book Rites and Passages, you are to locate a substantial review in a scholarly journal (Journal of American History; William & Mary Quarterly; Reviews in American History; New England Quarterly; etc.), preferably one to which our library subscribes. Ask anyone in the Reference Department how to find a review article; it’s easy. Based on the reviews you get, write a 2-page "review of the review," citing the reviewers’ praises and/or objections, and adding your own assessment & opinions. Note that this is a sort of combination précis and review; you are encouraged to give your point of view for this one. Be sure to cite the review authors’ names, and the journals in which they appeared, early in your text. Staple a copy of the reviews you used to the back of your report.New Bedford Directory Project (due April 21): Your assignment is to create an occupational "snapshot" of New Bedford’s black population in 1838. Using the data from the 1838 New Bedford directory (on library E-Reserve), provide 1) a breakdown of all pertinent entries by occupation; 2) then tabulate the number of all these who apparently dwelt in houses, and those who "boarded." Fit this data into two tables on one page.
On two subsequent pages, discuss your findings, especially with regard to that portion of the sample connected with maritime life. Address the following questions in the course of your discussion:
What proportion of the sample are engaged in maritime occupations?
What proportion of the above apparently lives in houses, and what proportion "boards?" You may incorporate this data into your first-page table, if you wish.
Given the contemporary census data pertaining to New Bedford (see directory for population totals), how confident are you that the sample given in the directory is representative of the New Bedford’s population of color as a whole?
Please include any observations, questions, or hypotheses raised by the data, or any resonances with Jeff Bolster’s book (i.e. anything here to support or challenge his findings?).
Class Schedule & Assignments:
Note: the professor reserves the right to amend the following, within bounds of common decency.
Week 1 [Jan. 25 & 27]: Establishing New England Maritime Patterns.
New England and the Sea chapt. 1: "The Roots of a Maritime Heritage."
[Nota Bene: Friday, Jan. 28 is last add/drop day.]
Week 2 [Feb. 1 & 3]: Merchants and Seamen.
New England and the Sea chapt 2: "The Heroic Age, 1775-1815"
Gragg, "A Puritan in the West Indies."
Précis due 2/3: Gragg article (see Précis/Project Guide).
Week 3 [Feb. 8 & 10]: Merchants and Seamen (cont.).
Vickers & Walsh, "Young men and the Sea." [Précis option]
Week 4 [Feb. 15 & 17]: Pirates and Privateers (shiver me!).
Swanson, "American Privateering."[Précis option]
Rediker, "`Under the Banner of King Death’" [Précis option]
QUIZ 2/17
Week 5 [Feb. 22 & 24]: Slavers and Smugglers.
Smith, "Patterns of Northern New England Smuggling." [Précis option]
Week 6 [March 1 & 3]: Sailors as Revolutionists?
Lemisch, "Jack Tar in the Streets."
Vickers, "An Honest Tar."
Essay Due 3/3 (2-3 pages): Identify & discuss the essential differences between the arguments of Lemisch & Vickers.
Week 7 [March 8 & 10]: Sailors as Warriors.
McKee, "Foreign Seamen in the United States Navy"
McKee, "Fantasies of Mutiny and Murder."
QUIZ 3/10
~Spring Break~
Week 8 [March 22 & 24]: Sailors as Objects of Sympathy.
New England and the Sea, chapt. 3: "The Golden Age, 1815-1865."
Cowdery, "American Captives" / Ray, "Horrors of Slavery."
Dalton, "Letters of Samuel Dalton of Salem"
Essay option due 3/29 (2-3 pages): Compare the experiences of Jonathan Cowdery & William Ray. What accounts for the differences? What observation might Christopher McKee add, especially with regard to Ray’s account?
Week 9 [March 29 & 31]: New England Whaling.
Creighton, Rites and Passages, to p. 115
Week 10 [April 5 & 7]: New England Whaling (cont.)
finish Creighton book.
Review Report due 4/7. (see Précis/Project Guide).
[Achtung! Friday, April 8 Last day to withdraw from a spring semester course!]
Week 11 [April 12 & 14]: The Color Line at Sea, and Ashore.
Bolster, Black Jacks, to p. 130
QUIZ 4/14
Week 12 [April 19 & 21]: The Color Line at Sea, and Ashore (cont.).
finish Bolster book.
New Bedford Directory Project due 4/21 (see Précis/Project Guide).
Week 13 [April 26 & 28]: The Last days of Working Sail in New England: Cod, Canals, and Coasters.
New England and the Sea, chapt. 4: "The Dark Age, 1865-1914."
New England and the Sea, chapt. 5: "The Twentieth Century."
Week 14 [ May 3 & 5]: The Last days of Working Sail in New England: Cod, Canals, and Coasters (cont.).
Tucker, et al, A Coastal Schooner Life.
Essay option due 5/5 (2-3 pages): Why were there still opportunities for working sail craft as late as the 1930s? How did Donald Tucker "make it pay," i.e. how was it still economically feasible for the Tucker family to keep the Coral functioning? What factors finally brought about the end of the Coral’s active career?
Week 15 [May 10]: Wrapping Up.
Final Exam Thursday, May 12, 8:00-11:00
Last Updated On: 1/13/07