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Physics  College of Engineering 

Undergraduate Level 100 Courses

PHY 101 three credits S
Introduction to Physics I
Pre- or Corequisite: Working knowledge of algebra, simple trigonometry and vectors recommended
An algebra-based introduction to classical mechanics emphasizing conceptual understanding and problem solving. Topics include: 1- and 2-dimensional motion, forces and dynamics, concepts of work, energy and momentum, rotational motion and angular momentum, and an introduction to fluids and heat.

PHY 102 three credits S
Introduction to Physics II
Prerequisite: PHY 101
Continuation of PHY 101 with an algebra-based introduction to heat and thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, simple DC circuits, and optics. Problem solving and conceptual understanding will be emphasized.

PHY 103 one credits S
General Physics Laboratory I
2 hours laboratory
A laboratory course that accompanies PHY 101. An introduction to experimental techniques. Experiments in mechanics.

PHY 104 one credit S
General Physics Laboratory II
2 hours laboratory
A laboratory course that accompanies PHY 102. Experiments provide students with a solid understanding of basic DC circuit concepts and an introduction to AC circuits.

PHY 111 four credits
Physics for Applied Science and Engineering I
Prerequisite: MTH 113 (or MTH 111)
Corequisites: EGR 102, MTH 114
4 hours lecture and laboratory, 1 hour recitation
A calculus-based introduction to the concepts of classical mechanics. This course is a component of IMPULSE and is taught in an active learning mode in a computerized physics studio. The material is presented in an integrated format of lectures and laboratory experiments. Topics include 1­and 2-dimensional motion, dynamics, conservation of energy and momentum, rotational motion and angular momentum. Covers the same topics as PHY 113 but in an integrated instructional mode. This course may be repeated as PHY 113.

PHY 112 four credits
Physics for Applied Science and Engineering II
Prerequisite: PHY 111 (or PHY 113)
Corequisite: MTH 213
4 hours lecture and laboratory, 1 hour recitation
A calculus-based introduction to the concepts of electricity and magnetism. This course is taught in an active learning mode in a computerized physics studio. The material is presented in an integrated format of lectures and laboratory experiments. Topics include electric fields, flux, electric potential, elementary DC and AC circuits, and magnetic fields. Laboratory experiments provide students with a solid understanding of basic DC circuit concepts and an introduction to AC circuits. Covers the same topics as PHY 114 but in an integrated instructional mode. This course may be repeated as PHY 114.

PHY 113 four credits O if honors
Classical Physics I
Prerequisite: MTH 111 (or MTH 113)
3 hours lecture, 1 hour recitation, 2 hours laboratory
A calculus-based introduction to classical mechanics emphasizing problem solving. Topics include one- and two-dimensional motion, forces and dynamics, concepts of work, energy and momentum, rotational motion and angular momentum. Laboratory experiments demonstrate many of the concepts covered in the lectures.

PHY 114 four credits O if honors
Classical Physics II
Prerequisites: MTH 112 (or MTH 114), PHY 113 (or PHY 111)
3 hours lecture, 1 hour recitation, 2 hours laboratory
Continuation of PHY 113. A calculus-based introduction to electricity and magnetism. Topics include electric and magnetic fields, electric potential, electric and magnetic flux, resistance, capacitance and inductance, and simple circuits. Laboratory experiments provide an understanding of basic DC circuit concepts and an introduction to AC circuits.

PHY 115 three credits S, W, O
Introduction to Classical Physics
4 hours Prerequisite: PHY 111 or 113
This course treats topics in classical physics from the areas of waves, optics, and thermodynamics. Two oral presentations with technical write-ups are required

PHY 120 three credits S
Principles of Engineering and Technology I
A two semester course sequence that combines the introduction of various fundamental scientific principles with the problem solving approach used by engineering professionals and classroom instructors. During the course of each semester, class members will be introduced to the basic knowledge required to solve an instructor selected group of problems and projects.

PHY 121 three credits S
Principles of Engineering and Technology II
The second half of a two semester course sequence that combines the introduction of various fundamental scientific principles with the problem solving approach used by engineering professionals and classroom instructors. During the course of each semester, class members will be introduced to the basic knowledge required to solve an instructor selected group of problems and projects.

PHY 151 three credits S
Introductory Astronomy
An introduction to astronomy that surveys the content, structure, and scale of the cosmos as it is presently known. Properties of the solar system, the sun and stars, exotic objects such as pulsars and black holes, galaxies, quasars, and the universe as a whole are discussed. Each semester a different topic of current interest in astronomical research will also be covered. Evening observing sessions will be arranged.

PHY 161 three credits S
Science, Technology, and Society I
Interaction of science and technology with the individual and contemporary society. Topics include forensic physics, including how science and technology are used in todays judicial system

PHY 162 three credits E, S, G
Science, Technology, and Society II: The Environment
This course studies current environmental issues and their relations to technological choices. For example, air and water quality are examined in relation to the use of various renewable and non-renewable energy resources. The course is non-mathematical and satisfies 3 credits of the Natural Science requirement

PHY 171 three credits S
Planet Earth and its Resources I
Origin and history of earth; composition and structure of its interior, crust, oceans, and atmosphere. Plate tectonics and sea floor spreading; seismology, vulcanism and earthquakes; magnetism of earth. Forces shaping earths surface, faults and folds, erosion, sedimentation and weathering. Earth materials: soil, minerals and ores, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic materials. Earth resources: salts and fertilizers, chemical supplies, and building materials.

PHY 172 three credits S
Planet Earth and its Resources II
Earth resources: rare and abundant metals and their uses, history of life on earth, the fossil record. Energy and fossil fuels. Nuclear energy sources, uranium, plutonium, and deuterium. Water and its distribution, rate of use, and pollution. Atmospheric-oceanic circulation and heat balance. Weather and climate. Humanity as agent of change on planet Earth. Outlook on future.

PHY 182 three credits S, G
Introduction to the Weather
The fundamentals of atmospheric science. Basic physical principles which affect the general circulation of the atmosphere and their relation to the day-to-day sequence of weather events are discussed. As part of the course, students generate short-term forecasts using real time information available by computer from the internet.

PHY 183 three credits S,G
Global Climate Change
What we know about global climate change and how to understand it, and with what certainty we know it, aimed to meet the increasing need for citizens of the world to be scientifically literate about this issue. Using basic physical principles, this course concentrates on the science of climate change.

Undergraduate Level 200 Courses

PHY 213 three credits
Applied Modern Physics
Prerequisite: PHY 112 or 114
4 classroom hours weekly
A first course in modern physics designed for engineering and physics students. It deals with diffraction and interference, basic atomic and nuclear physics; emphasizes the areas of modern physics that are likely to be of use in practical engineering applications.

PHY 225 two credits
Introductory Experimental Physics I
1 hour lecture, 3 hours laboratory
Introduction to experimental techniques, equipment and analysis of data. Develops skills in the use of laboratory apparatus including calibration, laboratory notebook and scientific reports.

PHY 227 one credit
Introductory Experimental Physics II (short version)
Prerequisite: PHY 225 or permission of instructor
3 hours laboratory
Continuation of PHY225. Experiments will cover topics in areas of modern physics such as optics, nuclear and atomic physics, and quantum physics.

PHY 234 three credits
Intermediate Mathematical Physics
Prerequisites: PHY 112 or 114, MTH 213
3 hours weekly
The development of the mathematical and computational tools needed for solving more advanced physics problems. Topics are selected primarily from classical mechanics and electricity and magnetism.

PHY 251 three credits
Elementary Astrophysics I
Prerequisite: One year of college science or mathematics or permission of instructor.
Basic concepts and modern developments in astrophysics at an elementary level. It can be used to fulfill the science requirement. Subjects to be discussed range from the solar system and the structure and evolution of the stars to galaxies and the expanding universe. Observing techniques are also taught using the observatory telescope.

PHY 252 three credits
Elementary Astrophysics II
Prerequisite: PHY 251 or permission of instructor
A continuation of PHY 251, this course consists of a more detailed analysis of subjects introduced the preceding semester. Among the topics to be considered are cosmology and high-energy astrophysics including pulsars, quasars and black holes. More advanced observing techniques are introduced, including astrophotography and electronic imaging.

PHY 271 three credits S
The Solar System: Exploring the Planets
Prerequisite: PHY 171
3 hours lecture
Introduction to the physical nature of the solar system. Characteristics of the planets and major satellites will be examined using lecture and WWW sites. Topics will include compositions, internal structures, atmo­spheres, possibilities for biological activity, and the development of geologic surface features. The presentation is non-math-ematical and will introduce the use of the observatory and basic astrophotography.

PHY 298 one to six credits
Experiential Learning
Prerequisites: At least sophomore standing; permission of the instructor, department chairperson, and college dean
Work experience at an elective level supervised for academic credit by a faculty member in an appropriate academic field. Conditions and hours to be arranged. Graded CR/NC. For specific procedures and regulations, see section of catalogue on Other Learning Experiences.

Undergraduate Level 300 Courses

PHY 300 three credits
Undergraduate Seminar
A seminar conducted at the sophomore-junior level on topics in contemporary physics, astrophysics and related topics.

PHY 313 three credits
Mechanics
Prerequisites: PHY 115, 234, MTH 211 or 213
Mechanics of particle systems including central force motion and two body scattering, accelerating coordinate systems, rigid body kinematics and dynamics, coupled oscillators, small vibrations and normal modes, introduction to Lagrangian methods.

PHY 314 three credits
Wave Motion
Prerequisites: PHY 234, MTH 211 or 213
Wave phenomena in mechanics, optics, acoustics, and fluids. A study of the wave equation and its applications with emphasis on the general properties of waves. Interference, diffraction, reflection, refraction and polarization, and Fourier decomposition.

PHY 315 1 credit
Fluid Mechanics Supplement
Prerequisites: PHY 115, MTH 211 or 213
Corequisite: MNE 332
1 hour lecture
To enhance the background of physics students who take MNE 332. Specific topics include distributed force and moment analysis for applications to fluid statics, thermodynamic principals applied to fluid mechanics, Coriolis force in rigid bodies and in the ocean-atmospheric system, and basic force balance for the ocean and the atmospheric flows.

PHY 322 three credits
Electronic Devices and Circuits II
2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory
Prerequisite: ECE 211/251 or permission of instructor
A continuation of the introductory semester of electronics with an emphasis on applications using the elements and techniques of modern research, including integrated-circuit devices, digital circuits, and computer interfacing.

PHY 341 three credits
Modern Physics and Quantum Mechanics I
Prerequisite: PHY 213
4 classroom hours weekly (includes recitation)
Experimental evidence leading to the development of modern physics, Bohr-Sommerfeld theory of the hydrogen atom. Special relativity, introduction to the Schroedinger equation with solutions to simple problems leading to the study of one electron atoms. Electron spin, magnetic moment, and the fine structure in hydrogen spectra.

PHY 342 three credits
Modern Physics and Quantum Mechanics II
Prerequisite: PHY 341
4 classroom hours weekly (includes recitation)
Continuation of PHY 341. Further applica­tions of the principles of quantum mechan­ics with applications to many particle systems. Quantum statistics, atomic spectra of many electron atoms, nuclear structure, nuclear models and scattering.

PHY 351 three credits
Physics of the Environment I
Prerequisites: A one year course in physics and MTH 101 or 131
A course applying scientific concepts and simple mathematical modeling (noncalculus) to environmental problems. Major topics addressed include the cycling of various substances (water, carbon, sulfur, etc.) in the natural environment and effects of anthropogenic perturbations on them.

PHY 352 three credits
Physics of the Environment II
Prerequisite: PHY 351
Continuation of PHY 351. Acid rain, climatology and the “greenhouse effect”. Survival of populations. More elaborate mathematical modelling, some of which involves a little calculus, but a knowledge of calculus is not a prerequisite.

PHY 363 three credits
Intermediate Astrophysics
Prerequisites: PHY 251, 252; or permission of instructor.
This course explores in greater detail topics in stellar and galactic astronomy that were introduced in PHY 251-252. Variable stars, binary stars, star clusters, and galactic structure will be discussed with an emphasis on areas of current astronomical research. Astronomical imaging and image-processing techniques will be taught using equipment at the observatory.

Undergraduate Level 400 Courses

PHY 411 three credits
Electric and Magnetic Fields I
Prerequisite: PHY 234
Study of the fields of static charges and constant currents, the properties of dielectric and magnetic materials, and magnetic induction leading to the formulation of Maxwell’s equations.

PHY 412 three credits
Electric and Magnetic Fields II
Prerequisite: PHY 411
Continuation of PHY 411. Development of the wave equation. Electro-magnetic waves in space and in matter. Study of radiation from time varying charge and current distributions.

PHY 430/PHY 530 three credits
Methods and Strategies for Physics Teachers
Prerequisites: PHY 111 or 113, 112 or 114, 213, 234
This course is designed for those with an interest in teaching physics or physical science at the secondary school level. It emphasizes the use of varied teaching strategies and methods to cater to different learning styles of students. Attention is given to analytic and graphic as well as intuitive presentation of physics concepts and phenomena. Teaching techniques including audio-visual aids, demonstration and hand-on experiments are used to enhance the learning experience.

PHY 441 three credits
Statistical Thermodynamics
Prerequisite: PHY 213
The laws of thermodynamics and their interpretation based on the microscopic behavior of matter. Entropy and probability, equilibrium, reversibility, thermodynamic functions, phase changes, quantum statistics. Applications to problems in solid state physics.

PHY 442 three credits
Elements of Solid State Physics
Prerequisite: PHY 342
Basic concepts of condensed matter physics, crystal structure, crystal diffraction, lattice vibrations, theory of metals, semiconductors and insulators, magnetic properties of solids.

PHY 480 three credits
Undergraduate Research
Prerequisite: Permission of department
Individual work under the supervision of a faculty member on an experimental, theoretical, or literature review project in physics. This work may lead to a senior thesis project or may be concluded by a written report at the end of the term.

PHY 490 three credits
Senior Thesis
Intensive individual work on an experimental or theoretical problem in physics under the guidance of a faculty member. The special project is to be selected at the beginning of the senior year. Credit will be assigned in the second semester.

PHY 495 three credits
Independent Study
Prerequisites: Upper-division standing; permission of instructor, department chairperson, and college dean
Individual study of selected topics in physics under the guidance of a faculty advisor. This course is suitable for study of physics subfields of special interest to individual students and faculty members. Conditions and hours to be arranged.

PHY 196, 296, 396, 496 three credits
Directed Study
Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor, department chairperson, and college dean
Study under the supervision of a faculty member in an area covered in a regular course not currently being offered. Conditions and hours to be arranged.

Graduate Level 500 Courses

PHY 510 three credits
Special Topics in Physics
Prerequisites: Variable, depending on topic
An advanced treatment of a special topic in physics with an emphasis on recent developments. The subject matter varies according tho the interests of the instructor and the students.

PHY 515 three credits
Physics of Ocean Boundary Layers
Prerequisites: PHY 315 and MNE 332 or equivalent; or exposure to PDEs or undergradaute fluid mechanics
Tools and the physical concepts needed to understand the physics of ocean boundary layers. This course considers tensor analysis, motion relative to a point, Bousinessq approximation, vorticity dynamics in geophysical fluid flows and the physical processes pertaining to oceanic boundary layers, surface gravity waves, and oceanic turbulence. Also discussed is surface energy exchange at the ocean-atmosphere interface.

PHY 521 three credits
Computational Physics
Prerequisites: CIS 115 and PHY 313 or equivalents
Application of computational techniques to computer simulations in physical science and engineering. The course covers physical concepts such as realistic projectile motion, planetary systems, nonlinear dynamics, chaos and fractals, and electromagnetic and quantum systems. The course exposes students to numerical algorithms and methods such as solutions to optimization, quadrature, fast Fourier transform, and boundry value problems, and gives hands-on experience in programming and computer simulations.

PHY 531 three credits
Intermediate Quantum Mechanics I
Fundamentals of quantum mechanics. Schrödinger equation, operator techniques, angular momentum, central force motion, spin, matrix representations, and elementary perturbation theory are studied.

PHY 543 three credits
Statistical Thermodynamics
The laws of thermodynamics and their interpretation based on the microscopic behavior. Entropy and probability, equilib­rium, reversibility, thermodynamic functions, phase changes, quantum statistics are studied. Applications to problems in solid state physics are examined.

PHY 550 three credits
Fundamentals of Physical Oceanography
Prerequisite: Differential and integral calculus or permission of instructor
Fundamental physical oceanographical processes important to coastal and open ocean environments. Included in the course are lectures by current researchers in specialized topics such as satellite oceanog­raphy and numerical modeling.

PHY 551 three credits
Introduction to Nuclear Physics
Prerequisite: PHY 341 or equivalent
Introduction to properties of nuclei and nuclear forces, nuclear reactions, radioactive decay and discussion of nuclear structure including the nuclear shell model and collective model.

PHY 554 three credits
Physics of Fluids
Prerequisites: MTH 212 and PHY 234 or equivalents
Scientific basics of fluid physics. Applications with a bias towards geophysical and astrophysical fluid mechanics. This course also prepares students in applied mathematics topics, including the applications of ODEs and PDEs, by way of many examples from different areas of fluid physics.

Graduate Level 600 Courses

PHY 611 three credits
Electromagnetic Theory I
Boundary value problems in electrostatics, Greens functions and eigenfunction expansions. Also examined are Maxwells equations, momentum and energy of the electromagnetic field, radiation, multipole expansions, scattering, special relativity and Lagrangian formulation, radiation from moving charge, radiation reaction.

PHY 612 three credits
Electromagnetic Theory II
Prerequisite: PHY 611 or equivalent
Study of simple radiating systems, scattering and diffraction of electromagnetic waves, radiation by moving charges, special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformation, covariant formulation of Maxwells equations, relativistic particle dynamics, scattering of charged particles, radiation damping and self-fields of a charged particle.

PHY 615 three credits
Theoretical Mechanics and Relativity
The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of Newtonian mechanics. Also covered are variational principles, transformation theory, Poisson brackets, Hamilton-Jacobi theory, special relativity and the covariant formulation of particle mechanics. General relativity is introduced.

PHY 616 three credits
Graduate Seminar
A seminar devoted to the discussion of topics in modern physics and related subjects.

PHY 621 three credits
Advanced Mathematical Physics I
Mathematical methods in physics. Linear algebra, complex variable theory, eigenfunction expansions and orthogonal functions, the special functions of mathematical physics are studied.

PHY 622 three credits
Advanced Mathematical Physics II
Continuation of PHY 511. Partial differential equations, integral equations, Greens functions, generalized functions, calculus of variations, and group theory are studied. (Formerly PHY 512.)

PHY 631 three credits
Intermediate Quantum Mechanics II
Radiative processes and the theory of scattering. Other topics included are variational principles, symmetry and invariance principles, and second quantization. Relativistic quantum mechanics and field theory are introduced. (Formerly offered as PHY 532.)

PHY 632 three credits
Advanced Quantum Mechanics
Further training for students in theoretical physics on a graduate level. Explores in depth topics discussed in PHY 531 and PHY 631. (Formerly offered as PHY 533.)

PHY 635 three credits
Solid State Physics I
Basic concepts of solid state physics, including crystal structures, lattice vibrations and ionic crystals. Also examined are dielectric and optical properties of insulators, ferroelectrics, free electron theory of metals, energy bands, and semiconductors. (Formerly offered as PHY 541.)

PHY 636 three credits
Solid State Physics II
Theory of conductivity and related effects. Rectification and transistors, imperfection in crystals, plastic deformation color centers, optical properties of solids, and theory of magnetism are also studied.

PHY 641 three credits
Statistical Mechanics
Prerequisite: PHY 213 or equivalent
Thermodynamics and its statistical interpretation. Canonical, micro-canonical, and grand canonical ensembles. Boltzmann, Fermi, and Bose distributions, and their applications to equilibrium and transport phenomena. Phase equilibrium is also studied.

PHY 645 three credits
Ocean Circulation and Modeling
Prerequisite: PHY 550 or permission of instructor
Theories of ocean circulation, including wind-driven and thermohaline components, and their numerical modeling. The concepts of geostrophy, Sverdrup-to-Strommel dynamics, stratification, rotation, and diffusion processes are discussed for the general circulation features in all three world oceans. Primitive equation-based numerical modeling experiments are discussed for the global-scale, basin-scale, regional-scale, and feature-based models.

PHY 651 three credits
Nuclear Physics
Structure and properties of nuclei. Also studied are nuclear forces and potentials, nuclear shell model and collective model, strong, electromagnetic, and weak interactions, nuclear reactions and decays.

PHY 652 three credits
Elementary Particle Physics
Relativistic kinematics of particle motion, phenomenological and dynamical theories of particle interactions and classification of particles according to symmetry principles.

PHY 655 three credits
Ocean Atmosphere Dynamics
Prerequisite: PHY 550 or permission of instructor
Ocean atmosphere dynamic interaction processes related to short-term and long-term climate variability. El Niño/southern oscillation, North Atlantic osscilation and moonsoon dynamics are discussed with the perspective of global climate change. During the semester the class will conduct a real-time monitoring experiment of the Pacific Ocean using the Internet. Also presented are advanced assimilation techniques of satellite (GEOSTAT, Topex/Poseidon, SeaWifs) and in-situ data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) in numerical climate models.

PHY 660 three credits
Physical-Biological Interactions in the Ocean
Prerequisite: PHY 550 or permission of instructor
Fundamental physical-biological interactions, emphasizing the relationships between physical oceanographic processes and oceanic biology over a variety of spatial and temporal scales. This interdisciplinary course uses lectures, readings, and sample problems, and requires a mini-research project or term paper.

PHY 661 three credits
Physical Oceanography of Shallow Seas
Prerequisite: PHY 550 or permission of instructor
Physical oceanographic processes important to European and United States shallow seas, continental shelves, and banks, and their relationship to nutrients and biology (plankton and fish) in these regions. Included in the course are lectures by current researchers in appropriate topics.

PHY 662 three credits
Physical Oceanography of Enclosed Basins
Prerequisite: PHY 550 or permission of instructor
Physical oceanographic processes important to enclosed basins and their relationship to nutrients and biology (plankton and fish) in these regions. Regions of study include the Gulf of Maine , Gulf of Mexico , and Mediterranean Sea . Included in the course are lectures by current researchers in appropriate topics.

PHY 680 three credits
Graduate Project
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
Directed research on a project in experimental, theoretical, or applied physics under the supervision of a faculty sponsor. The research may be concluded with a written report at the end of one or two terms. Graded A-F, or IP if the project is conducted across two terms.

PHY 685 three credits
Graduate Research
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
Supervised research on an experimental or theoretical topic in physics under a faculty advisor. This course is offered only to students indicating strong intention and ability to do thesis work in subsequent semesters. The credits are considered equivalent to Thesis (PHY 690) if thesis work on the same topic is taken up later. Otherwise, a written report is required at the end of the research. Graded A-F, or IP if the work is approved to be continued as PHY 690 Thesis, in which case the grade earned when the thesis is completed will replace the IP.

PHY 690 up to 12 credits
Masters Graduate Thesis
Thesis research on an experimental or theoretical project in physics under a faculty advisor. The specific project is usually selected at the beginning of the second year of graduate study. A written thesis must be completed in accordance with the rules of the Graduate School and the College of Engineering . Graded A-F

Graduate Level 700 Courses

ECE 700 one credit
Graduate Seminar
Prerequisite: Graduate standing
Seminar discussions including presentations based on research or detailed literature surveys.

ECE 701 up to nine credits
Doctoral Dissertation Research
Prerequisites: Successful completion of Ph.D. comprehensive examination and approval of doctoral dissertation proposal by the students graduate committee
Investigations of a fundamental and/or applied nature representing an original contribution to the scholarly research literature of the field. Ph.D. dissertations are often published in refereed journals or presented at major conferences. A written dissertation must be completed in accordance with the rules of the Graduate School and the College of Engineering. Admission to the course is based on successful completion of the Ph.D. comprehensive examination and submission of a formal proposal endorsed by the students graduate committee and submitted to the ECE Graduate Program Director.

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