Introduces students to historical method and perspective through comparative study of human societies and cultures. The concept of "civilization" is examined in varied contexts through comparisons of social, economic, and political institutions, as well as systems of thought and religion, from pre-history to around 1400.

A survey of post-Renaissance European civilization to the 19th century. Emphasis on the growth of the modern state system, the origins of capitalist economies, the scientific revolution and Enlightenment, and the political history of the principal monarchies.

A critical analysis of selected topics or issues in European history which are not otherwise offered in the standard catalog courses.

A critical analysis of selected topics or issues in European history which are not otherwise offered in the standard catalog courses.

A survey from the Roman era to the present with emphasis on the post-medieval period. Topics include the emergence of a unified state, dynastic rivalries, the economy, overseas expansion and empire, constitutional development, the 'New State' of Salazar, the revolution of 1974, and post-revolutionary Portugal.

Seminars will be offered variously in topics in non-European World History. The writing of a substantial paper will be required. Content will vary with instructor; may be repeated with change of content. Cross-listed for AAS, JST, and WMS when the content is appropriate.